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kirisutogomen) wrote2010-07-05 07:55 pm
kirisutogomen) wrote2010-07-05 07:55 pm
Entry tags:
WoUtNW
The Word of Until the Next WoUtNW is riparian.
By the bank of a river, or otherwise pertaining to the bank of a natural waterway.
They can't be full ownership rights, of course, because then you could just suck all the water out and deprive people downstream of water they also own. So they're usage rights, but extra-fuzzy rights that require lengthy unpredictable court intervention any time anyone does anything. Court action is guided by the "reasonable use" standard, which means....well, it means judges do whatever they feel like. This of course discourages efficient use of water and maximizes the leverage of political influence. In effect, it becomes a common resource, and that inevitably leads to overuse.
ARTICLE 332.
On the waterways declared to be international in the preceding Article, the nationals, property and flags of all Powers shall be treated on a footing of perfect equality, no distinction being made to the detriment of the nationals, property or flag of any Power between them and the nationals, property or flag of the riparian State itself or of the most favoured nation.
Nevertheless, German vessels shall not be entitled to carry passengers or goods by regular services between the ports of any Allied or Associated Power, without special authority from such Power.
It can also be used as a noun:
The construction of large dams is frequently cited as a factor exacerbating tensions over international waters, as impoundments created by upstream riparians can disrupt the flow and volume made available to down-stream users.
But most uses are as an adjective:
Fifty six percent of the fragments located between the Ríos Parrita and Naranjo were connected by riparian forests, fruit, silvicultural, and African oil palm plantations.
ARTICLE 336.
In default of any special organisation for carrying out the works connected with the upkeep and improvement of the international portion of a navigable system, each riparian State shall be bound to take suitable measures to remove any obstacle or danger to navigation and to ensure the maintenance of good conditions of navigation.
If a State neglects to comply with this obligation any riparian State, or any State represented on the International Commission, if there is one, may appeal to the tribunal instituted for this purpose by the League of Nations.
ARTICLE 337.
The same procedure shall be followed in the case of a riparian State undertaking any works of a nature to impede navigation in the international section. The tribunal mentioned in the preceding Article shall be entitled to enforce the suspension or suppression of such works, making due allowance in its decisions for all rights in connection with irrigation, water-power, fisheries, and other national interests, which, with the consent of all the riparian States or of all the States represented on the International Commission, if there is one, shall be given priority over the requirements of navigation.
Appeal to the tribunal of the League of Nations does not require the suspension of the works.
Ramdi is a small highway settlement in Palpa District along the Kaligandaki River, in west Nepal. It is contiguous with the temperate forest to the north and subtropical hill Sal forest (Shorea robusta) and riparian forest in the south. Elevations are quite low (around 420 m asl), however, due to the area’s location in the mid-hills, mountains in central Nepal, running east to west along the Himalayas, and lying north of Siwalik and the Churiya range of Nepal. Floristically it shows an affinity with the Palaearctic.
ARTICLE 347.
From the point where the competence of the European Commission ceases, the Danube system referred to in Article 331 shall be placed under the administration of an International Commission composed as follows:
2 representatives of German RIPARIAN States; 1 representative of each other RIPARIAN State; 1 representative of each non-RIPARIAN State represented in the future on the European Commission of the Danube.
If certain of these representatives cannot be appointed at the time of the coming into force of the present Treaty, the decisions of the Commission shall nevertheless be valid.
By the bank of a river, or otherwise pertaining to the bank of a natural waterway.
Riparian rights: the system of riparian rights prevails in England and in the eastern American states. It is based on old common-law doctrine. Water rights are tied to ownership of land, bordering the water. Owners (or people with a derived right) of such land are entitled to correlative and reasonable use of the water. The water rights cannot be sold apart from the land. The system creates a common property regime of adjacent landowners to the water.
They can't be full ownership rights, of course, because then you could just suck all the water out and deprive people downstream of water they also own. So they're usage rights, but extra-fuzzy rights that require lengthy unpredictable court intervention any time anyone does anything. Court action is guided by the "reasonable use" standard, which means....well, it means judges do whatever they feel like. This of course discourages efficient use of water and maximizes the leverage of political influence. In effect, it becomes a common resource, and that inevitably leads to overuse.
ARTICLE 332.
On the waterways declared to be international in the preceding Article, the nationals, property and flags of all Powers shall be treated on a footing of perfect equality, no distinction being made to the detriment of the nationals, property or flag of any Power between them and the nationals, property or flag of the riparian State itself or of the most favoured nation.
Nevertheless, German vessels shall not be entitled to carry passengers or goods by regular services between the ports of any Allied or Associated Power, without special authority from such Power.
The Fazenda Rio Claro is the property of Duratex Florestal S.A., and the forest there (1,324 ha), is characterized by secondary growth riparian forests following the course of two medium-sized rivers - Claro and Palmital - which form corridors (Mamede 1997).
It can also be used as a noun:
The construction of large dams is frequently cited as a factor exacerbating tensions over international waters, as impoundments created by upstream riparians can disrupt the flow and volume made available to down-stream users.
But most uses are as an adjective:
Fifty six percent of the fragments located between the Ríos Parrita and Naranjo were connected by riparian forests, fruit, silvicultural, and African oil palm plantations.
Environmental policy and the management of shared natural resources are further fields where cross-border cooperation has merit. Watershed management is particularly relevant in this context. On shared river systems, the use of water resources in one country can profoundly affect the quantity and quality of water available in downstream riparian countries. Diminishing water availability and water quality constrain economic development and can generate tensions, if not outright conflict. International law in the area of shared waters provides some guidance, but no universally accepted standards are available for the utilization and management of shared waters.
ARTICLE 336.
In default of any special organisation for carrying out the works connected with the upkeep and improvement of the international portion of a navigable system, each riparian State shall be bound to take suitable measures to remove any obstacle or danger to navigation and to ensure the maintenance of good conditions of navigation.
If a State neglects to comply with this obligation any riparian State, or any State represented on the International Commission, if there is one, may appeal to the tribunal instituted for this purpose by the League of Nations.
ARTICLE 337.
The same procedure shall be followed in the case of a riparian State undertaking any works of a nature to impede navigation in the international section. The tribunal mentioned in the preceding Article shall be entitled to enforce the suspension or suppression of such works, making due allowance in its decisions for all rights in connection with irrigation, water-power, fisheries, and other national interests, which, with the consent of all the riparian States or of all the States represented on the International Commission, if there is one, shall be given priority over the requirements of navigation.
Appeal to the tribunal of the League of Nations does not require the suspension of the works.
Ramdi is a small highway settlement in Palpa District along the Kaligandaki River, in west Nepal. It is contiguous with the temperate forest to the north and subtropical hill Sal forest (Shorea robusta) and riparian forest in the south. Elevations are quite low (around 420 m asl), however, due to the area’s location in the mid-hills, mountains in central Nepal, running east to west along the Himalayas, and lying north of Siwalik and the Churiya range of Nepal. Floristically it shows an affinity with the Palaearctic.
ARTICLE 347.
From the point where the competence of the European Commission ceases, the Danube system referred to in Article 331 shall be placed under the administration of an International Commission composed as follows:
2 representatives of German RIPARIAN States; 1 representative of each other RIPARIAN State; 1 representative of each non-RIPARIAN State represented in the future on the European Commission of the Danube.
If certain of these representatives cannot be appointed at the time of the coming into force of the present Treaty, the decisions of the Commission shall nevertheless be valid.